Saisons, originating from French-speaking Belgium, have a rich history and a unique flavor profile that sets them apart from other beer styles. When it comes to categorizing saisons, the question often arises: are saisons ales or lagers? Let’s dive into the fascinating world of saisons and explore their brewing process to shed some light on this matter.
To begin with, saisons are unequivocally ales. Ales are beers that are fermented at higher temperatures using top-fermenting yeast strains. In the case of saisons, these yeast strains impart the characteristic fruity and spicy flavors and aromas that define the style. The fermentation process of saisons typically occurs between 60°F and 85°F (15°C and 29°C), which is well within the parameters for ale production.
Furthermore, saisons are often bottle conditioned, which means that additional yeast and sugar are added to the beer before bottling to create natural carbonation. This traditional method of carbonation adds complexity and depth to the flavor profile of saisons. Bottle conditioning also contributes to the effervescence that is synonymous with this style.
When it comes to alcohol content, historical saisons were known for their lower alcohol levels. However, modern interpretations of the style have pushed the boundaries, resulting in saisons with moderate to high levels of alcohol. This diversity in alcohol content further exemplifies the flexibility and creativity that exists within the saison style.
Now let’s address the question of whether saisons could be considered lagers. The answer, unequivocally, is no. Lagers are a distinct beer style that is fermented at cooler temperatures using bottom-fermenting yeast strains. The result is a cleaner and crisper beer with fewer fruity and spicy esters compared to ales. Saisons, with their fruity and spicy characteristics derived from top-fermenting yeast, do not fit the criteria for a lager.
The confusion surrounding the classification of saisons as lagers may stem from the fact that some breweries produce beers that resemble saisons but are fermented with lager yeast. However, these beers are typically referred to as “saison-style” or “farmhouse lagers.” They may share some similarities with traditional saisons, but they are not true saisons.
In summary, saisons are undeniably ales. They are fermented at higher temperatures, typically bottle conditioned, and have distinct fruity and spicy flavors thanks to top-fermenting yeast strains. While some beers may resemble saisons but are fermented with lager yeast, they are not considered true saisons. The complexity and diversity within the saison style make it a fascinating beer category that continues to captivate beer enthusiasts around the world.
